International Journal of Law and Policy

Role of Lawyers in Promoting Justice and Equality

Imtiaz Khokhar — 2025-11-30

Lawyers play a vital role in upholding justice and ensuring equality within society. As officers of the court, they act as a bridge between the public and the judicial system, defending the rights of individuals and promoting fair treatment for all, regardless of social, economic, or political status. By providing legal representation, offering pro bono services, and advocating for law reforms, lawyers contribute to a more equitable society. Their ethical duty requires them to fight against discrimination, corruption, and injustice while maintaining the integrity of the legal profession. In both criminal and civil matters, lawyers ensure that the rule of law prevails, protecting the weak from exploitation and holding the powerful accountable. Thus, the role of lawyers extends beyond courtroom advocacy; they are essential agents of social change who strive to create a balanced and fair justice system rooted in equality and human rights.

TRIPS, Human Rights, and Environmental Protection: A Legal Analysis

Jamshid Kazimi — 2025-11-30

The TRIPS in the World Trade Organization (WTO) has a great impact on the balance of IPR, human rights, and environmental protection. This article examines the transitional provisions and substantive obligations of the TRIPS Agreement in order to consider their potential impact on the continuing promotion of human rights and environmental sustainability. The article discusses why these provisions, such as the “non-backsliding” (Article 65(5)) and “mail-box” (Article 70(8)) clauses, matter for international policy-making through comparative and qualitative analysis. The India, US, and Japan cases illustrate how a practical balance between the protection of IP, access to essential commodities, and environmental objectives is struck. The results highlight the urgency to reinforce TRIPS flexibilities, facilitate fair technology transfer, and foster collaboration. The study concludes that aligning TRIPS with sustainable development imperatives is essential for achieving a fair and inclusive international IP regime.

The Role of Judiciary in Ensuring Rule of Law in Pakistan

Ghayur Baig — 2025-11-30

The judiciary plays a pivotal role in ensuring the rule of law, which is the foundation of a democratic and constitutional state. In Pakistan, the judiciary serves as the guardian of the Constitution, ensuring that all branches of government operate within their legal limits. The rule of law upholds equality before the law, accountability, and justice for all citizens, regardless of status or influence. However, Pakistan’s judiciary has faced persistent challenges such as political interference, corruption, executive dominance, and delayed justice. These issues have weakened the people’s trust in judicial institutions. To reinforce the rule of law, the judiciary must function independently, transparently, and effectively. Judicial reforms, technological modernization, and enhanced accountability mechanisms are essential for strengthening institutional credibility. This study analyzes the judiciary’s contribution to maintaining the rule of law in Pakistan and identifies the obstacles that hinder its performance. It concludes that an empowered, impartial, and independent judiciary is indispensable for promoting justice, protecting fundamental rights, and ensuring good governance.

The Independence of Judiciary: Challenges and Reforms

Sadia Saeed — 2025-11-30

The independence of the judiciary is a cornerstone of democratic governance, ensuring that justice is administered impartially, free from external influences. In Pakistan and many other nations, the judiciary faces persistent challenges such as political interference, corruption, lack of accountability, and inadequate resources. These issues undermine public confidence and hinder the fair administration of justice. Judicial appointments and transfers often become controversial due to perceived executive influence, weakening institutional autonomy. Moreover, delays in case resolution and limited access to justice further erode judicial credibility. To address these challenges, comprehensive reforms are essential, including transparent appointment processes, judicial training, technological modernization, and strict adherence to the separation of powers. Strengthening judicial independence not only promotes the rule of law but also safeguards human rights and democracy. Therefore, reforms must aim to create a judiciary that is competent, transparent, and truly independent from all external pressures.

Safeguarding Judicial Independence for Impartial Justice in Corporate Governance

Junaid Majid — 2025-11-30

Judicial independence is a fundamental pillar of corporate governance, ensuring that courts function impartially, free from political or external influence. In Pakistan, the judiciary faces persistent challenges, including executive interference, corruption, delays in case resolution, inadequate resources, and a lack of transparency. Such issues undermine public trust and weaken the rule of law. Judicial appointments, transfers, and accountability mechanisms are often controversial, reflecting political influence and institutional vulnerability. Strengthening judicial independence requires comprehensive reforms such as transparent appointment processes, secure tenure for judges, technological modernization, and professional judicial training. Reforms must also include reducing delays, ensuring financial autonomy, and enforcing strict separation of powers to prevent misuse of authority. By safeguarding the judiciary from undue pressures while maintaining accountability, these measures can reinforce public confidence, protect human rights, and uphold corporate values. A strong and independent judiciary is crucial for the stability, progress, and legitimacy of any nation.

International Nuclear Liability Regimes and their Prospective Implementation in Uzbekistan’s Legal System

Sayidkomil Ibodullaev — 2025-11-30

This article examines how international nuclear civil liability regimes can be effectively implemented in Uzbekistan’s legal system as the country moves towards commercial nuclear power. It first maps the fragmented treaty architecture built around the Paris–Brussels and Vienna/CSC regimes and distils their core principles of strict and exclusive operator liability, mandatory financial security and concentrated jurisdiction. Using doctrinal and comparative methods, the study benchmarks Uzbekistan’s existing atomic energy legislation and planned reforms against the practice of selected Vienna-Convention and newcomer states. The analysis shows that accession to the Vienna Convention marks a turning point, but that detailed domestic legislation on liability limits, insurance schemes and state guarantees remains under development. The article concludes with policy options for designing a coherent, victim-oriented liability framework and outlines implications for regional cooperation and future research.