International Legal Mechanisms for Prohibiting Discrimination in the Field of Labor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59022/ujldp.610Keywords:
Labor Discrimination, International Labor Organization, Equal Treatment, Fundamental Rights, Employment Equality, ILO Conventions, Human Rights, Anti-Discrimination LawAbstract
This study examines the international legal framework established to prohibit discrimination in the field of labor. The research explores the principal instruments adopted by the International Labor Organization, the United Nations, and regional bodies, assessing their substantive content, enforcement mechanisms, and practical effectiveness. Using a qualitative doctrinal methodology, the study analyses treaty texts, jurisprudence of supervisory bodies, and scholarly commentary. The findings reveal that while a robust normative architecture exists at the international level, significant implementation gaps persist owing to weak monitoring procedures, inconsistent domestic incorporation, and evolving forms of discrimination linked to digitalization and algorithmic management. The article concludes by proposing a set of recommendations for strengthening global anti-discrimination governance in labor relations.
References
Ajunwa, I. (2019). The paradox of automation as anti-bias intervention. Cardozo Law Review, 41(5), 1671–1742.
Alston, P., & Heenan, J. (2004). Shrinking the international labor code: An unintended consequence of the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work? New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 36(2–3), 221–264.
Barnard, C. (2012). EU employment law (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139–167.
De Schutter, O. (2021). International human rights law: Cases, materials, commentary (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Eubanks, V. (2018). Automating inequality: How high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor. St. Martin's Press.
Fenwick, C., Novitz, T., & Creighton, B. (Eds.). (2009). Regulating for decent work: New directions in labour market regulation. Palgrave Macmillan.
Fredman, S. (2011). Discrimination law (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
McKenna, B. (2013). Doctrinal legal research. In D. Watkins & M. Burton (Eds.), Research methods in law (pp. 23–52). Routledge.
Orbie, J., & Tortell, L. (2009). The new GSP+ beneficiaries: Ticking the box or believing in the system? European Foreign Affairs Review, 14(5), 663–681.
Postnikov, E., & Bastiaens, I. (2014). Does dialogue work? The effectiveness of labor standards in EU preferential trade agreements. Journal of European Public Policy, 21(6), 923–940. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.923022
Raghavan, M., Barocas, S., Kleinberg, J., & Levy, K. (2020). Mitigating bias in algorithmic hiring: Evaluating claims and practices. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (pp. 469–481). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372828
Tham, J. C., & Freyens, B. (2021). Employment discrimination law: An international perspective. Kluwer Law International.
Veneziani, B. (2012). The employment relationship. In B. Hepple & B. Veneziani (Eds.), The transformation of labour law in Europe: A comparative study of 15 countries 1945–2004 (pp. 99–133). Hart Publishing.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Uzbek Journal of Law and Digital Policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
