Uzbek Journal of Law and Digital Policy

International Legal Initiatives and Mechanisms for Promoting Cross-Border Contract in the Green Economy and Sustainable Development

Guliza Davlatova — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article examines the main international programs and legislative frameworks that contribute to the development of a green economy. The UN, EU, World Bank, and other key institutions are prioritized. This article discusses worldwide legal and institutional cooperation that affects green and sustainable growth. Improved implementation, legislative improvements, and a transition to a low-carbon, resource-intensive economy are examples. In addition, the article analyzes the specific features of international agreements and conventions, such as the Paris Agreement, Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, the Kyoto Protocol, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Their impact on the green economy is studied. This paper highlights how the United Nations, the European Union, and other international financial institutions help create a thorough and consistent framework for defining mandatory green economy and environment criteria. The results demonstrate the need for broad legal frameworks that improve environmental governance and accountability at all decision-making levels.

The Role of International Cooperation in Combating Cryptocurrency-Facilitated Darknet Markets

Sabokhat Abdullaeva — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This paper examines international cooperation mechanisms against cryptocurrency-facilitated darknet markets, which represent a complex transnational threat requiring coordinated responses. Through analysis of regulatory frameworks, case studies, and emerging trends, the study evaluates the effectiveness of current approaches and identifies persistent challenges in global enforcement efforts. The research demonstrates that successful interventions require multifaceted strategies addressing technical, jurisdictional, and regulatory dimensions. The findings support recommendations for integrated prevention and response policies, technological capacity building, and standardized collaborative mechanisms to enhance international cooperation against this evolving threat.

Legal Challenges in Ascertaining the Will of Parties in Smart Contracts

Temurbek Pulatov — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Smart contracts, self-executing programs on blockchain platforms, are transforming how contractual obligations are expressed and enforced. Their adoption presents complex legal challenges, particularly in ascertaining the true will of contracting parties. This paper explores doctrinal and practical difficulties in determining intent within smart contracts, examining the transformation of the autonomy of will, the legal nature of smart contracts, the expression and proof of consent, and judicial and regulatory developments. Special emphasis is placed on Uzbekistan, where legal infrastructure remains underdeveloped. Through comparative analysis and authoritative academic sources, the article proposes solutions such as hybrid contractual models, legal recognition of smart contracts as electronic transactions, and standardized frameworks to ensure fairness and enforceability.

Crypto-Asset Laundering is a Fraud Crime

Parvina G'ulommamatova — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The proliferation of crypto-assets has generated both innovation in digital finance and new avenues for criminal exploitation. Among these, crypto-asset laundering has emerged as a critical threat to financial integrity, involving the deliberate concealment of illicitly obtained digital assets through technologically sophisticated means. This article critically examines the proposition that crypto-asset laundering is not merely a regulatory infraction or ancillary offense but constitutes a distinct form of fraud. Employing an interdisciplinary methodology that integrates doctrinal legal analysis, criminological theory, and comparative regulatory review, the study reveals that laundering via crypto-assets mirrors traditional fraud in both structure and intent. Techniques such as mixing, chain-hopping, and the use of privacy-enhancing technologies are deployed to deceive regulators, obfuscate transaction origins, and reintegrate illicit assets into the legitimate economy. Case law and enforcement actions further support the view that laundering is frequently prosecuted under fraud statutes, though legal doctrine remains fragmented. The article argues for a doctrinal realignment and calls for international legal instruments and national criminal codes to explicitly recognize crypto-laundering as a fraud offense. In doing so, the study contributes to the evolving discourse on digital financial crime and proposes a harmonized framework for addressing the fraudulent use of crypto-assets.

Legal Regulation of Digital Content and Copyright on the Internet: The Case of Uzbekistan in Comparative Perspective

Amirjon Mardonov — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The regulation of digital content and internet copyright presents complex challenges at national and global levels. This article examines Uzbekistan’s legal framework for digital content and copyright, comparing it with practices in the United States, European Union, China, and Russia. The Results detail Uzbekistan’s current laws rooted in international treaties and recent reforms and contrast them with the DMCA regime in the U.S., the EU’s evolving directives, China’s state-driven enforcement, and Russia’s site-blocking approach. We discuss regulatory measures across content types (video, music, software, AI-generated content, etc.), highlighting expert views and case studies. The common challenges such as online piracy, platform liability, and the emerging issue of AI-generated works. This concludes with observations on best practices and recommendations for strengthening Uzbekistan’s digital content regulation while safeguarding fundamental rights.

Digital Law Nexus 2025

Naeem AllahRakha — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The Republic of Uzbekistan Conference "Digital Law Nexus" 2025 took place in Tashkent on April 1, 2025. The conference proceedings have been published by the Uzbek Journal of Law and Digital Policy. Dr. Naeem AllahRakha from the Department of Cyber Law at Tashkent State University of Law serves as the editor of the conference. Topics covered included data, artificial intelligence, copyright, cryptocurrency, digital economy, and cybersecurity.