Liability Mechanisms and Dispute Resolution in Crypto Exchange Contracts: Balancing Code-Based Execution and Legal Enforceability
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https://doi.org/10.59022/ujldp.223Keywords:
Cryptocurrency Exchanges, Smart Contracts, Blockchain, Liability, Dispute Resolution, Decentralized Finance (DeFi), Contract Law, Regulatory ComplianceAbstract
This paper examines the tension between code-based execution and legal enforceability in smart contracts used by cryptocurrency exchanges. As decentralized finance grows in prominence, there is an increasing need to balance the immutability and automation of blockchain-based agreements with traditional legal protections and dispute resolution mechanisms. We analyze current approaches to liability allocation and conflict resolution in major crypto exchanges, identifying key challenges in harmonizing algorithmic governance with existing contract law. Case studies of recent exchange hacks and failures are used to illustrate the limitations of purely code-based systems. We then propose a hybrid model that preserves the efficiency of automated execution while incorporating safeguards for human intervention in exceptional circumstances. This framework aims to enhance user protections, regulatory compliance, and overall trust in decentralized financial infrastructure. Our findings have implications for exchange operators, regulators, and contract law as it evolves to address blockchain-enabled agreements.
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