Human Rights in Cyberspace: Digital Freedom and Security in the Age of Global Connectivity


DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59022/ujldp.353Keywords:
Digital Rights, Human Rights, Cybersecurity, Privacy, Freedom of Expression, Data Protection, Algorithmic Governance, International LawAbstract
The fast growth of digital technology and global connectivity has changed the way human rights are protected and enforced. It has created new challenges in balancing people’s freedoms with the security needs of states. This study looks at how digital rights and security measures interact in different countries. It reviews case law, new laws, and international agreements to show how human rights, such as privacy and freedom of expression, are affected in cyberspace. The research finds that human rights rules made for physical spaces are not fully suitable for digital environments, where data, online communication, and algorithm-based decisions create new problems. Current approaches differ widely between countries, leading to unequal standards that weaken universal rights. The study suggests building new frameworks that protect digital freedoms while allowing necessary security measures, through fair, transparent, and accountable systems. This work adds to understanding how rights must evolve in today’s digital world.
References
AllahRakha, N. (2024). Constitutional safeguards for digital rights and privacy. International Journal of Law and Policy, 2(4), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.59022/ijlp.172
Arifi, D., & Arifi, B. (2020). Cybercrime: A challenge to law enforcement. SEEU Review, 15(2), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2020-0016
Brieske, J. (2023). Digital user rights and their enforcement: What is the copyright directive asking for? The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 27(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12286
Capurro, R., Fiorentino, R., Galeotti, R. M., & Garzella, S. (2023). The impact of digitalization and sustainability on governance structures and corporate communication: A cross-industry and cross-country approach. Sustainability, 15(3), 2064. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032064
Chatinakrob, T. (2024). Interplay of international law and cyberspace: State sovereignty violation, extraterritorial effects, and the paradigm of cyber sovereignty. Chinese Journal of International Law, 23(1), 25–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmae005
Gosztonyi, G., Gyetván, D., & Kovács, A. (2025). Theory and practice of social media’s content moderation by artificial intelligence in light of European Union’s AI Act and Digital Services Act. European Journal of Law and Political Science, 4(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2025.4.1.165
Horneber, D., & Laumer, S. (2023). Algorithmic accountability. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 65(6), 723–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-023-00817-8
Khan, M. N. I. (2025). Cross-border data privacy and legal support: A systematic review of international compliance standards and cyber law practices. American Journal of Scholarly Research and Innovation, 4(1), 138–174. https://doi.org/10.63125/a4gbeb22
Lynn, T., Rosati, P., Conway, E., Curran, D., Fox, G., & O’Gorman, C. (2022). Digital technologies and civil society. In Digital towns (pp. 91–108). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91247-5_5
Malgieri, G., & Pasquale, F. (2024). Licensing high-risk artificial intelligence: Toward ex ante justification for a disruptive technology. Computer Law & Security Review, 52, 105899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105899
Mohamed, N. (2025). Artificial intelligence and machine learning in cybersecurity: A deep dive into state-of-the-art techniques and future paradigms. Knowledge and Information Systems, 67, 6969–7055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-025-02429-y
Reis, O., Eneh, N. E., Ehimuan, B., Anyanwu, A., Olorunsogo, T., & Abrahams, T. O. (2024). Privacy law challenges in the digital age: A global review of legislation and enforcement. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v6i1.733
Rodrigues, R. (2020). Legal and human rights issues of AI: Gaps, challenges and vulnerabilities. Journal of Responsible Technology, 4, Article 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2020.100005
Saheb, T. (2023). Ethically contentious aspects of artificial intelligence surveillance: A social science perspective. AI and Ethics, 3(2), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-022-00196-y
Sieckmann, J. (2018). Proportionality as a universal human rights principle. In D. Duarte & J. S. Sampaio (Eds.), Proportionality in law: An analytical perspective (pp. 3–24). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89647-2_1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Uzbek Journal of Law and Digital Policy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.