Legal and Technical Challenges of Developing Robust Traceability Systems for Genetically Modified Organisms
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https://doi.org/10.59022/ijlp.195Keywords:
GMO Traceability, Biotechnology Regulation, EU Directive 2009/41/EC, Contained Use of GMMs, Environmental Risk AssessmentAbstract
This article examines the legal and technical challenges in developing effective traceability systems for genetically modified organisms (GMOs), focusing on the European Union's Directive 2001/18/EC framework. Using qualitative research methods and a doctrinal approach, we analyze legal texts, case law, and scholarly literature to evaluate current regulations and tracking technologies. Our objective is to identify key barriers to implementing comprehensive traceability and propose potential solutions within existing legal frameworks. The study employs content analysis of EU directives, particularly Directive 2009/41/EC on the contained use of GMMs, and conducts semi-structured interviews with legal experts and regulators. Results indicate significant complexities in harmonizing tracking across member states and technical challenges in maintaining the "high level of protection" mandated by EU law. We recommend refining legal definitions, enhancing risk assessment protocols, and exploring advanced detection methods compatible with current regulations. This research contributes to ongoing debates on balancing scientific innovation, environmental protection, and consumer rights in governance.
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